For Credit: Making Up for Cancelled Class

Below are some questions we would have discussed in class today. Respond to this post by answering any of them (and feel free to make more than one response, if you wish)--just be sure to specify which question you are answering.

1. The responses to my initial post on Sterne's Sentimental Journey expressed some anxiety about the "mischievously lewd wordplay" that the editor of the volume mentions in the introduction. Have you yet identified any instances of humor stemming from words or phrases that can be taken more than one way? Post here any instances you have found of puns, double entendres, or other forms of humorous wordplay.

2. What adjective would you use to describe the narrator, Parson Yorick? Cite a sentence or two to illustrate why.

3. Do you have any conjectures as to why this novel is broken up with the strange section headings (e.g., "The Remise. Calais.")? Offer them here.

4. Sterne's fiction has been described as "Postmodern before there was a modern to be post." How so? Explain, citing a line or two to illustrate what you mean.

5. “The writings of Sterne…form the best course of morality that ever was written” (Thomas Jefferson). How so? Explain, citing a line or two to illustrate what you mean.

Deadline: Wednesday (12/2), start of class.


"The Monk at Calais" by Angelica Kauffman, a contemporary of Sterne's.

Endnotes!

A couple of people on the blog have wondered just how important it is to read the endnotes to A Sentimental Journey.

Something about Sterne's prose sends modern editors into a footnote frenzy. This edition is actually pretty restrained in its annotations. I used to teach a different edition largely because it had footnotes at the bottom of the page, which are easier to read--but there were so many footnotes, in such irrelevant abundance, that they ultimately seemed more distracting than flipping back to endnotes.

So whether or not to read the endnotes? It all depends. Using the endnotes for the meanings of words and foreign phrases you don't know seems to me a no-brainer. But if a passage is footnoted that has no particularly arcane vocabulary, chances are the note will be giving you deep textual background with little bearing on how you understand the passage.

I'd recommend sticking a book-mark or post-it note in the endnotes the next time you flip back to check a reference. That will make it easier to find the relevant note the next time you want to check something.

Class Cancelled Today (Monday)

Class will not meet today. Stay tuned for further blog questions, and read to p. 47 of Sentimental Journey. We will have a reading quiz based on material covered on the blog on Wednesday.

For Credit: What is a sentimental journey?

The term "sentimental journey" evokes, for many people, this: Doris Day singing the famous song of that name (in this case accompanied by a nostalgic photo montage designed to evoke powerful memories for her fans).



Lawrence Sterne's novel of that name is a different thing altogether, relying on a understanding of "sentimental" that has very little to do with our C20/C21 sense of the term. Rinse from your mind everything you think you know about the meaning of the word "sentimental," and respond to this post by explaining, with reference SOLELY to Sterne's novel, what makes his journey a "sentimental" one. Cite some text to support your claims.

Deadline: Monday after break, start of class.

For Credit: Sterne's Sentimental Journey

Post here any questions or reflections you have here on your initial encounter with Laurence Sterne's Sentimental Journey.

Deadline: Monday after break, start of class.

Happy Thanksgiving!

Kudos to Lauren B., Brian, Michael, Erin, Jill, Ian, and Kelsey, all of whom identified the entire guest list at our Enlightenment Gathering on the Friday before break.

For Credit: Representations of Enlightenment Subjectivity (Last Chance to Post for Week 13)

In the Spectator No. 11, "Arietta" points out that what we take for granted in the world often depends on who gets to tell the stories that teach us our assumptions. Of course, while overturning one stereotype (women are fickle) that emerges from one story (the Ephesian matron), she reinforces another stereotype (non-European women are inherently lustful, particularly for European men) with a different story (Inkle and Yarico).

Our readings for the past two weeks have included literature that attempts to speak for (or displays the speaking out of) those who do not in this time ordinarily get to tell their stories in print to the wide-ranging literate audience that buys books and magazine.

To what extent do these voices confirm, disrupt, or complicate your sense of what literature of the Enlightenment era is like--what it can say and how it seeks to delight and instruct readers?

Cite some text to support your claims.

Deadline: Saturday (11/21), midnight.

Second Paper Assignment Update

Now that you've handed in the ECCO assignments, it's time to start thinking about revising and expanding your second papers. Now that I have a better sense of the kinds of topics that seem of most interest, I'm going to waive the requirement that the second text you write about has to come from the post-midterm part of the syllabus. By all means, feel free to adapt your original paper to include one of those texts if you wish, but if you're having difficulty figuring out how to combine one of those readings with the work you've already done, feel free to look back to earlier readings.

Please e-mail me if you have questions, and feel free to come talk to me about your papers in office hours when return from Thanksgiving break.

For Credit: A Segue to Post-Thanksgiving Reading (Deadline Extended)

At the end of the Monday Discussion 1 thread, several key qualities of Warton's "The Dying Indian" got identified, including what one of your classmates termed it's "grittiness." Underneath its violent and exoticizing language, the poem's first-person voice conveys an intensity of feeling. That intensity gets added oomph from the self-congratulatory political qualities of the poem, but for readers not inclined to doubt or question the justice of colonialism, the point of the poem was its depiction of strong--if alien--emotions.

Pope's Eloisa to Abelard is a very different poem, but it appeals to a similar taste for authentic intensity of feeling. Note, too, that while Eloisa is presumably a more relatable narrator for the C18 reader, she still speaks at a considerable distance from the reader's experience (she's a figure from medieval history, French, and immured in a convent).

Sometimes glossed as "sensibility," sometimes as "sentiment," a thoughtful and finely-tuned receptivity to feeling was a valued trait in the later Enlightenment era. Laurence Sterne's A Sentimental Journey (which we'll be reading after Thanksgiving break) was written both to satisfy the market for literature that elicited powerful emotion and to gently critique that taste.

What other treatments of feeling have you seen in our readings this semester? Do you see any continuities between other readings and the kind of intensity of feeling depicted in "The Dying Indian" and "Eloisa to Abelard"? Or do these poems strike you as lone and isolated examples on the syllabus of the phenomenon I've just described? Cite a particular poem or text and supply some lines to illustrate your answer.

Deadline: Friday (11/20), start of class.

Spectator No. 11

In Richard Steele's Spectator No. 11, his main concerns are noted to be "the transactions of love and power between men and women, and the impact of commerce on human conduct.", and offers both stories as representative of these concerns.

What do you believe the impact of commerce on human conduct means? How does Richard Steele portray this in his Spectator? What exactly are the transactions of love and power in a men's perspective versus a women's perspective?

The Plan for Wednesday...

UPDATE: it looks like we'll be back in our usual classroom tomorrow (Wednesday).

The GEO and UIUC administration will be negotiating again tomorrow. If those negotiations go well, the strike may end and we'll be back in the classroom on Wednesday. If not, we will be online again (and please let me know your thoughts on the online format in the post I made on the issue below). I will send out an e-mail to the class as soon as I know anything, but you would be well advised to follow the issue on your own. The GEO fan page on Facebook seems to have the most timely information, but other news outlets (the DI, the News-Gazette) are tracking this story pretty closely. If you hear that the strike has been called off, be assured that class will be meeting in the usual place at the usual time on Wednesday.

The reading for Wednesday was originally assigned for Monday, but I've switched things around a bit to accommodate the strike. For Wednesday (whether online or back to normal), please read Richard Steele's Spectator No. 11 (Longman 2479 - 2481).

For Credit: Britannia, Tyrants, Commerce, and the Muse

The wide-ranging speculation about the missing second verse of "Rule Britannia" was largely right, particularly those comments that referred to 20th-century history. There's something tactless about proclaiming Britain's immunity to tyrants; it doesn't play well to economic and political allies who were invaded during WWII (and didn't have the advantage of being an island). And of course, the song was written for a play to be performed privately for the royal family; that verse comparing England to other nations got jettisoned as the song became a national anthem, giving greater prominence to the rest of the song which mostly extols Britain's virtues.

Two things to note that didn't come up in online discussion:

(1) the final verse, which associates "Muses" with "freedom," but also depicts them as arriving on British shores from elsewhere. As we saw in Sprat's remarks on the Royal Society (and in the popularity of Italian opera, which Gay makes fun of), there's a prevalent sense that the British aren't particularly good at the arts, and must import them from the continent or not have them at all.

(2) the next-to-last verse, alludes to how "the cities will with commerce shine," but it does not explicitly link "commerce" to the "subject main" or the "waves" that Britannia rules. Your reading for Wednesday, Richard Steele's Spectator No. 11 (p. 2479 - 2481 in Longman) will draw more explicitly on the connections between commerce and Britain's seafaring ways.

The question for you to respond to:

Do "Rule Britannia" and Spectator No. 11 present a consistent picture of the connections between commerce, virtue, and ocean-going enterprises? Or are there significant differences between how these two texts connect these things?

Deadline: Wednesday (11/18), start of class.

Debriefing: Class Online

A few reactions to today's forced experiment in online teaching:

(1) My plan of 2 comments/day = attendance is unrealistic. Or at least, the hit that some people will take to their attendance if the strike goes on does not seem entirely justified.

(2) Those who participated did a great job. Is it all that texting that makes you guys good at thinking online? I was impressed by the quality and variety of responses.

(3) Blogger software is not optimal for this kind of thing. Much as I loathe Compass, there's a lot to be said for being able to structure threaded discussions.

Please feel free to let me know what you thought--either by responding to this post, or by e-mailing me privately. If tomorrow's negotiations don't bring the strike to an end, we'll be online again on Wednesday, but I will probably tweak the format--and I'll be grateful for any feedback you can give me that will help make the teaching-by-blog more effective.

Monday Online Discussion 2: What Exactly Does Britannia Get to Rule?

I originally assigned "Rule Britannia" in conjunction with Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's letters. The goal was to segue from our exploration of the other kinds of voices (poor, laboring, working class) made audible by the Enlightenment to the question of how the experiences of non-Europeans get heard and understood during the time. "Rule Britannia" of course doesn't present the speaking/singing voice of any kind of native or exotic "other," but it does demonstrate how Britain's role as a colonial power can be made to seem normal or natural.

In a post below (which you should look at for its links to the tune to the song...) I point out that the second stanza of the poem almost never gets sung--although "Rule Britannia" is a well-known patriotic song, and I asked for speculation about why. One of your classmates offered the following:

When sung in a public setting, especially within a political sphere, this could be seen as a declaration of Britain's intent to dominate the world, rather than an assertion of national loyalty. Moreover, now that we have progressed past the imperialist age where the White Man's Burden ruled, (not to say that this attitude doesn't still exist, just that it is no longer an accepted political stance), this second stanza could be seen as a glorification of the tryanny Britain exerted over the peoples it conquered. In many ways, the reason so many "lesser" nations fell to Britain was because Britan was in fact the "tyrant" Thomson describes.

Some questions to consider:

(1) Is that explanation correct? Are there other possibilities?

(2) Can you see any evidence in this text (first written and performed 1740) of the democratizing impulses we've seen in some of our other reading?

(3) On what bases does this poem distinguish Britain from the rest of the world? (Note: this is NOT the same question that I asked in my original blog post on the poem!)

Have at it....

MONDAY ONLINE DISCUSSION 1: Why a Dying Indian?

Goal for today: To consider how a couple of important eighteenth-century writers understood the relationship between European countries and the rest of the world. We've had one such example with Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and the Turkish women she encountered and sought to understand--but of course she viewed those women as her counterparts in class, wealth, and social standing, which made her conclusions about their relative freedom directly relevant to her.

"The Dying Indian" is a very different kind of encounter with and depiction of the experience of non-European people.

Let's start here: What do you think the author is saying with this poem? As we discussed in class, Montagu was pointing out, in her letter, that Turkish women are less oppressed than Europeans like to think. What is Warton trying to convey about "Indians" through this poem?

If you remain baffled about what precisely is going on in "The Dying Indian," feel free to post (at least until 11am) to the "Dying Indian" for credit blog post thread below.

For Credit: "The Dying Indian" AND "Rule Britannia"

These are two very different poems and we will, perforce, be discussing them separately in tomorrow's online discussion, but in preparation for that discussion, let me here ask if there is any interesting overlap between them (beyond the fact that they both, very broadly, deal with issues of conflict and conquest beyond British shores...).

Do these poem present two very different world-views? Or is there a way to see them as compatible with each other? Are they too different to be discussed meaningfully in the same question or are there interesting ways that they might connect?

Respond with your thoughts.

Deadline: Monday (11/16), 11am.

For Credit: Rule Britannia! (UPDATED and deadline extended)

Thomson's "Rule Britannia," is better known as a song than as a poem (how we're reading it). Here is the familiar chorus (which is all many people now know of the song):



Here is a more complete version (the song itself ends before the 4 minute mark):


This last version is the most recent iteration of an annual British rite at which an array of traditional British songs are sung, performed, and celebrated. The event is as much about the theater and spectacle as it is about the music, with creative variations every year on the ritualistic fixed elements of the event. The soloist this year departed from the norm, not only by cross-dressing, but by singing all the verses--usually they only get through one, even though the performance usually lasts six minutes or more.

The question I originally asked is: "On what basis does the poet assert the significance and power of his nation? What justification does he offer for Britain's "Rule"?" The three excellent responses offer a good gloss to the poem as a whole, and I encourage you to read them.

In preparation for Monday, I'd like to point out an unusual feature of the second YouTube clip above. No one ever sings ALL the verses of this poem, but one of the verses that ALWAYS gets omitted is the second one printed in your copy of the poem:

The nations, not so blest as thee,
Must, in their turns, to tyrants fall;
While thou shalt flourish great and free,
The dread and envy of them all.

The soloist in the clip I've given you doesn't sing the whole poem, but she leaves that stanza in. More typical is this version, which serves as the background to any number of jingoistic photomontages on YouTube (not just this one):


SO: Why leave that verse out? Why is it so unusual to include it?

Deadline: Monday (11/16), 11am (when class would ordinarily start).

For Credit: The Dying Indian

As the editor's headnote to the poem informs you, "The Dying Indian" is a dramatic monologue delivered by a native American who is...dying. What is he saying in this poem? Pick two lines (give or take) and explain what they are conveying. Alternatively, isolate two lines (give or take) that puzzle you, and identify your confusion here.

Deadline: Monday (11/16), start of scheduled class time (11am).

Virtual Class: The Plan For Next Week

Class will not meet this next week (see post below for further explanation). I will be at Cafe Paradiso (801 S. Lincoln Ave.) during our usual class meeting time on Monday to discuss the reading for Monday, your ECCO assignment, or any other matters concerning the course. Please feel free to come by at any point during that time. I will holding my usual office hours at Paradiso from 2 - 3. (You'll also see me in there 1 - 2, but I will be meeting my other class which is tiny enough to meet at a cafe table).

There will be blog posts shortly for the reading for Monday (Joseph Warton's The Dying Indian, a poem located in the sidebar to the blog) and Thomson's Rule Britannia, which you can find in the Longman anthology. These will be designated "For Credit" just like the blog posts you've been responding to all semester, and your responses to those posts will count towards your blog grade.

Monday morning, I will put up a post headed "Monday Online Discussion" (if I decide to set one or more different discussion threads to take the place of Monday's class meeting, I will number them "Monday Online Discussion 1 [and 2 and 3, etc.]" To get credit for attendance and, more important, to learn the material assigned for Monday, you should follow the online discussion as it unfolds in the comment thread and post at least two responses (in total, to all of the Monday Discussion threads I open) that bear on the subject. You will have until 11pm Monday to post your responses. I'm not sure how this will play out, but you probably will stand a better chance of being able to say something smart and useful if you post to the discussion as it unfolds, rather than waiting until 10:45 on Monday.

The GEO and UIUC Admin have another negotiating session scheduled for Tuesday, so it is possible the strike could be over by Wednesday. If not, however, you will have the opportunity on Tuesday to comment on this method of holding virtual class, and I will modify the procedure as necessary in time for virtual class on Wednesday.

GEO Strike Called for Monday

After a last negotiating session with the university adminsitration yesterday, the GEO has decided to go through with the threatened strike. As I said on Friday, in preparation for that contingency, Engl206/CWL257 will continue to be held, but we will not meet physically this next week, unless the GEO ends the strike before Friday.

DO NOT GO TO THE ENGLISH BUILDING FOR OUR CLASS ON MONDAY (unless you want either to show support for the picketers or engage them in conversation about the strike action).

Later today, I will be posting blog questions for Week 13, along with further information about how we will be conducting class online.

I encourage you to inform yourself about what is going on and the issues at stake in this strike action. No one has gone into it lightly. Some relevant sites:

http://www.uigeo.org/
(the website for the graduate student union)
http://www.ahr.uiuc.edu/
(there are a couple of FAQs about the strike)
The GEO also has a facebook page, where members have been posting links to news articles about the strike and other information.

If you have questions, by all means ask them. Your striking TAs, your nonstriking professors, the picketers, any administrators you come across are all people you can talk to to get a better sense of what is going on and why.

Please feel free to respond to this post with any thoughts or questions you have for me and your classmates.